Nikita Pivovarov, Natalia Shock
ISTORIYA. – 2022.– V. 13. – Issue 4 (114).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18254/S207987840020707-6
The article is devoted to the transformation of Soviet medical science and practice under the
conditions of the development of international relations after World War II. The main attention was
placed on the study of scientific and social medical projects, which were implemented by the USSR
during the Cold War under the influence of foreign policy trends and priorities. The analysis of
foreign, Soviet and Russian historiography shows that researchers have made serious progress in the
study of medicine in the sphere of international relations. At the same time, the Soviet medical
global project has not been sufficiently examined, which is due both to the source base and to the
lack of a sociopolitical context in these works. The main documents for this article are recently
declassified materials held in the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the
Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation,
and the Russian State Archive of Economics. The authors analyze the development of Soviet
medical projects during the period of “late” Stalinism, in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the 1970s. The
authors conclude that the Soviet global medical project constantly sought to expand. Thus, the first
postwar years provided the foundations for the sustainability of the Soviet project within the
socialist bloc, in the 1960s it would begin to spread to the Third World, and in the 1970s it would
compete in the leading countries of the world. An important component of the Soviet medical
project was the fight against epidemic and infectious diseases in post-colonial countries, the
prevention of socially significant diseases and non-communicable diseases, as well as intensive
scientific-medical and medical-technical exchanges through bilateral and multilateral partnerships.
The Soviet medical project made possible not only competition between the two superpowers, but
also cooperation in such important areas as the fight against smallpox or cooperation in shaping the
international public dialogue on denuclearization. In general, the authors believe that an analysis of
Soviet medicine during the Cold War allows us to show its role in the Soviet geopolitical construct,
thus evaluating its ideological and applied components.
